Investigative Journalism and AI-Driven Subterfuge in Countries with Limited Press Freedom in East Africa

This study investigates the use of subterfuge in AI-driven investigative journalism practices in countries with authoritarian regimes. Using data from focus groups across five East African countries (The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda), we examine the “how and why” journalists use AI-driven subterfuge when conducting investigative journalism in countries with limited press freedom, and the ethical challenges associated with such techniques. Findings reveal varied attitudes influenced by safety perceptions, with heightened acceptance among journalists facing greater threats. The study also highlights psychological tolls, especially among female journalists, who often become the overlooked victims of oppression. Further findings suggest that as AI technologies become more sophisticated, authoritarian governments are concurrently enhancing their capabilities to monitor and target journalists.