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This study examines Huawei’s resurgence despite sustained U.S.-led sanctions, highlighting the limitations of economic coercion as a strategic tool. While U.S. restrictions aimed to cripple Huawei by cutting off access to advanced technologies, the company has demonstrated remarkable resilience. This paper argues that external pressure often strengthens internal cohesion, encourages self-sufficiency, and fosters opportunistic sanction-busting. Huawei’s survival and subsequent growth have been facilitated by state-sponsored financial support, domestic technological advancements, and alternative market strategies. Moreover, third-party actors and global supply chain loopholes have undermined the sanctions, demonstrating the difficulty of enforcing a comprehensive technology embargo. The case of Huawei underscores the broader challenges of using economic sanctions to manage great-power competition, particularly in an era of global economic interdependence.
Inhan Kim (Fri,) studied this question.