Migrant entrepreneurship support reconsidered: a configurational comparison of migrant and non-migrant entrepreneurs in Norway

This study explores the differences and similarities between migrant and non-migrant entrepreneurs in Norway to enhance the design of migrant-specific entrepreneurship support programmes (MSPs) using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), our findings reveal greater-than-expected in-group heterogeneity and between-group homogeneity, challenging existing literature. In other words, the differences between transnational and non-transnational entrepreneurs are more prominent than the ones between migrants and non-migrants. Within the group of migrant entrepreneurs, we see that those generally exhibit more transnational activity and less access to host-country networks and finance, while non-migrants have more diverse ventures. Notably, some migrants could benefit from joining open support programmes (OSPs) alongside non-migrants, and many do not need deep host-country embeddedness due to their transnational business focus. These insights can refine MSP designs, better aligning them with migrant entrepreneurs’ needs. Future research should build on these findings through larger-scale quantitative studies and assess ES programmes across various political and cultural contexts.