Bioarchaeological study reveals activity levels affect humeral retroversion in aged individuals, suggesting resource impact.
= 0.000001). There were no differences by sex, laterality, age, or burial cemetery. We hypothesize that those who were able to live to old age were better resourced with lower physical demands than other members of the community and thus developed less retroversion. Our results also indirectly support the postulate that an increase in general upper extremity physical activity may result in increased retroversion, and not exclusively due to throwing activities.
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Love et al. (2026) studied this question.
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