Abstract Siparuna guianensis is a neotropical aromatic species widely used in traditional medicine whose essential oil exhibits diverse biological activities. However, current evidence remains fragmented and strongly influenced by chemical variability across populations and extraction conditions. This study integrates scientometric mapping, multivariate chemometric analysis, and critical pharmacological review to clarify the relationship between chemical composition and biological activity of S. guianensis essential oil. Publications indexed in Web of Science were analyzed to identify research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic focus. Reported chemical composition data were subjected to principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to define chemotype patterns and associate them with biological outcomes. The literature reveals a highly centralized and chemistry-driven research field dominated by vector-control and pest-management studies, with limited mechanistic pharmacology in mammalian systems. Chemometric results demonstrate pronounced chemical polymorphism, separating monoterpene-rich and sesquiterpene-rich chemotypes. Monoterpene profiles, particularly those dominated by β-myrcene and aliphatic ketones, are mainly linked to insecticidal and repellent effects, whereas sesquiterpene-rich oils containing germacrene D, curzerenone, spathulenol, and α-bisabolol are more frequently associated with antimicrobial, antiparasitic, enzyme-inhibitory, and antitumoral activities. Despite promising results, most studies remain preliminary. Pharmacological translation will require chemotype standardization, mechanistic validation, safety profiling, and advanced formulation strategies to enable reproducible and clinically relevant applications.
Santos et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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