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This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality and digital twin technologies in training for autonomous mobile robot navigation.

Mixed reality and Digital Twins for human–robot training: A comparative study of skill transfer in industrial navigation

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Randomized trial compares skill transfer in industrial navigation using mixed reality and digital twins, suggesting improved training workflows.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality and digital twin technologies in training for autonomous mobile robot navigation.
Conducted a controlled experimental study with 60 participants across three training configurations: MR, VR, and 2D interface.
Integrated ROS-based robotic systems with real-time positioning and bidirectional communication.
Assessed performance using standardized key performance indicators for operational efficiency and task failures.
MR-based training showed consistent improvements in task performance across all configurations.
Descriptive trends indicated better skill transfer with configurations integrating spatial alignment and real-time synchronization.
No statistically significant differences in time improvement among XR conditions (ANOVA: F=0.292, p=0.748).

Martínez-Gutiérrez et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Randomized trial compares skill transfer in industrial navigation using mixed reality and digital twins, suggesting improved training workflows.