Determinants of Job Retention for People with Physical Disabilities: A Secondary Data Analysis of State Vocational Rehabilitation Services Data

Background Supporting long-term employment worker with physical disabilities is both an equity imperative and a strategic advantage, however, there remains a notable gap in studies that examine which specific VR services most effectively enhance employment retention among individuals with physical disabilities. Objective This study examined demographic, socioeconomic, and VR service predictors of job retention among individuals with physical disabilities who were employed at program entry. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using the U.S. Rehabilitation Services Administration Case Service Report from Program Years 2022–2023. The analytic sample included 5,562 working-age adults (25–54) with physical disabilities who were employed at the time of individualized plan for employment development. Sequential logistic regression was used to identify predictors of job retention at case closure. Results Postsecondary education significantly increased the odds of retention, while low-income status, secondary disabilities, significant disability status, and receipt of SSI/SSDI decreased it. Among VR services, rehabilitation technology, diagnosis and treatment, and maintenance were strongly associated with positive retention outcomes, while assessment services were negatively associated. Conclusions Job retention of workers with physical disabilities improves through education, VR supports, and inclusive employer practices, underscoring the need for retention-focused VR systems and collaborative strategies that reduce turnover, advance equity, and strengthen organizational success.