Acute myeloid leukemia following treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney: a case report

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is a rare and highly aggressive pediatric malignancy with a poor prognosis. We report a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) developing after successful treatment of MRTK in a child and discuss its clinical course and possible therapy-related etiology. We successfully treated a 12-year-old Iranian girl of Turkish ethnicity with stage III or higher MRTK in Qazvin, Iran, using surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Approximately 7 months after completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 16 months after the initial diagnosis of MRTK, the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia. This case highlights the development of acute myeloid leukemia after treatment for malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in a pediatric patient. Long-term follow-up is essential for the early detection of secondary malignancies.