The Changing Epidemiology of Acute Pancreatitis Hospitalizations

OBJECTIVES: The epidemiological trends contributing to increasing acute pancreatitis (AP) hospitalizations remain unknown. We sought to analyze etiological factors and outcomes of increasing AP hospitalizations. METHODS: Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, retrospective analyses of adult (≥18 years) inpatient admissions with a primary diagnosis of AP (N = 2,016,045) were performed. Patient hospitalizations from 2009 to 2012 were compared with those from 2002 to 2005. RESULTS: Compared with 2002-2005, there was a 13.2% (P < 0.001) increase in AP admissions in 2009-2012. Multivariate analysis adjusted for "period," patient and hospital demographics, AP etiologies, and disease associations demonstrated an increase in the odds of associated chronic pancreatitis (CP) 2002-2005: odds ratio, (OR), 32.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 30.51-33.64; 2009-2012: OR, 35.02; 95% CI, 33.94-36.14, whereas associated odds of gallstones (2002-2005: OR, 36.37; 95% CI, 35.32-37.46; 2009-2012: OR, 29.85; 95% CI, 29.09-30.64) decreased. Compared with 2002-2005, the AP-related mortality decreased in 2009-2012 (1.62%-0.79%, P < 0.001) and was lower in AP with associated CP (0.65%-0.26%; P < 0.001) compared with AP without CP. CONCLUSION: In the preceding decade, AP hospitalizations increased, but associated mortality declined. Associated CP has emerged as a leading contributor for AP-related hospitalizations. Further research is needed to identify novel interventions to prevent disease progression of AP.