Dental screening integrates clinical examination with targeted diagnostic and laboratory protocols to identify disease early and guide treatment planning. Modern diagnostics in dentistry include intraoral and extraoral radiography, laser fluorescence caries detection, and periodontal probing alongside laboratory assessments—microbiology, histology, and biochemical markers—that refine diagnosis in complex or atypical presentations. This note reviews diagnostic frameworks in routine screening, emphasis on sensitivity and specificity of common tools, and the role of laboratory medicine in ruling out systemic contributors to oral disease. Efficient screening requires knowing which tests reduce clinical uncertainty rather than multiplying them.
Tarek Ahmed Ibrahim Etman (Sun,) studied this question.