Shaping the Future of Stroke Prevention: From Lifestyle Factors to Traditional Risk-factor Management and Emerging Technologies

Abstract Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability globally, arising from a complex interplay of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Although conventional prevention strategies targeting hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and alcohol use have demonstrated substantial benefits, the global burden of stroke continues to rise, underscoring the need for innovative preventive approaches. This review explores the evolving landscape of stroke prevention, integrating lifestyle and behavioral interventions with precision-based management of established cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Recent advances in therapeutic strategies, including individualized pharmacologic and interventional approaches, highlight new opportunities to reduce both primary and secondary stroke risk. Concurrently, emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence-enabled wearable devices and advanced monitoring systems, facilitate early risk detection, continuous cardiovascular assessment, and personalized poststroke care. By synthesizing evidence across both traditional and emerging domains, this review underscores a paradigm shift toward patient-centered, precision stroke prevention. The convergence of behavioral, pharmacologic, interventional, and technological strategies offers a comprehensive framework to optimize risk reduction, enhance secondary prevention, and ultimately mitigate the global impact of stroke.