The Use of Surveillance Cameras, Legal Framework and Practical Differences: Scientific Research

Aim: The aims of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and practical environments surrounding CCTV cameras, examing their domestic and international application alongside their impact on public safety and crime prevention. The research pays particular attention to exploring the specific features of Hungarian regulations and practices, benchmarking them against solutions in other countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States). Methodology: Drawing on practical experience, the author analyzes the role of surveillance systems within the operations of the police, local authorities and the private sector. Findings: The crime prevention effects of camera systems are mixed; while in some cases they reduce the number of crimes, while in others they tend to cause a geographical desplacement of criminal activity. At the same time, they are clearly effective in crime detection, evidence gathering and strengthening the subjective sense of security. As in other countries, Hungary faces the challenge of legal regulations lagging behind technological developments, particularly with regard to biometric data and facial recognition. Value: The research highlights that surveillance cameras can serve not only law enforcement but also urban planning and community functions. Adapting international experiences and introducing legally and ethically balanced regulations can help increase social acceptance and enhance public safety.