Mineral, Bone, and Cardiovascular Disorders in CKD: The Case for a New Paradigm

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) profoundly affects both the cardiovascular (CV) and skeletal systems, with CV disease (CVD) being the leading cause of death in patients with advanced CKD (stages 4-5) and dialysis patients.1 However, in the early years of CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) research and treatment, and for decades thereafter, attention was directed almost entirely toward bone, whereas sustained, systematic interest in mineral disorder-related CV complications emerged only relatively recently.