Laboratory Safety Considerations for Nanotechnology

The rapid development of nanotechnology across scientific and industrial fields has created a growing need for robust occupational health and safety measures. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as nanoscale size, high surface area-to-volume ratio, and increased reactivity, nanomaterials introduce new toxicological and environmental hazards. Therefore, laboratories involved in nanotechnology research must implement comprehensive safety protocols to reduce exposure and protect workers. This review highlights key safety issues related to lab-based nanotechnology. It emphasises the importance of adhering to strict health and safety guidelines, including the correct handling, storage, and disposal of nanomaterials. Key engineering controls such as exhaust systems, containment devices, and PPE are vital for reducing exposure. Furthermore, safety programs emphasise the need for hazard ID, risk assessment, and training on nanoparticle risks. Others include the development of standardised protocols for waste disposal, engineering controls to optimise laboratory design and equipment selection, and risk assessment of the toxic nature of nanoparticles, which are imperative to improving lab safety. This study therefore recommends standardisation and effective instrumentation protocols to improve safety and responsible nanotechnology development. Additionally, evidence-based practices and real-time detection should be conducted to promote caution and reduce hazards.