Obturator Nerve Block Is Associated with Improved Histopathological Specimen Quality and Fewer Perioperative Complications During TURBT for Lateral Bladder Wall Tumors

Background/Objectives: Transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) is the standard for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For lateral bladder wall tumors, obturator nerve stimulation can trigger sudden adductor contractions, raising the risk of perforation, hemorrhage, incomplete resection, and poor specimen quality. We evaluated the impact of obturator nerve block (ONB) on specimen quality and perioperative complications. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, patients with lateral wall tumors treated by TURBT between October 2022 and December 2024 were divided into an ONB group (spinal anesthesia plus ONB) and a non-ONB group (spinal anesthesia alone). Specimen quality, perioperative complications, and 12-month recurrence were analyzed. Results: In this retrospective cohort of 219 patients (135 ONB, 84 non-ONB), high-quality specimens were more frequent with ONB (71.1% vs. 35.7%, p < 0.001). No perforations occurred with ONB versus 5 (6.0%) without (p = 0.008); hematuria (11.1% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.002) and 12-month recurrence (4.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.005) were also lower. Conclusions: ONB added to spinal anesthesia during TURBT for lateral wall tumors was associated with improved specimen quality and fewer perioperative complications. The lower recurrence rate should be considered hypothesis-generating, given the retrospective design and the small number of recurrence events; prospective studies are needed.