Religiosity and spirituality-based interventions and improving spiritual health: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials

This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide the most comprehensive view of the effectiveness of religiosity and spirituality-based interventions on spiritual health. For this research, four databases (PubMed, Web Of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus) were searched and also a manual search was done for Google Scholar. This search was conducted from the beginning to February 2024 and this search was limited to the English language. For pooling studies, Hedges’s g with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on the random-effects method was used. Twenty-three individual randomised clinical trials were included in this study. Religious/spiritual interventions were associated with increased spiritual health. Hedges’s g was 1.12 with a CI between .78 and 1.47 [Z = 6.42; P < .001; I2 = 90.09%]. The result obtained from this study shows the high effectiveness of spiritual and religious interventions in improving spiritual health.