Climate change impacts on US livestock production: a data-driven assessment

Purpose Climate change presents a systemic risk to agri-food systems, with significant implications for sustainability, business continuity, and rural livelihoods. This study investigates the impact of climate variability on meat production and livestock farming in the United States, a sector that plays a pivotal role in food security and economic value creation. Increasing temperatures, irregular precipitation, and the growing incidence of extreme weather events are disrupting traditional livestock production systems, leading to reduced productivity, heightened animal health risks, and escalating operational costs. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the United States Department of Agriculture, the study employs exploratory data analysis and statistical modeling to examine the relationships between climatic variables, livestock yields, and cost structures across regions. The findings reveal pronounced regional disparities in climate vulnerability, with certain production zones experiencing intensified stress due to compounded environmental and economic pressures. From a business and social innovation perspective, the study identifies critical opportunities for transitioning toward climate-resilient and sustainable livestock systems. Findings The study highlights the role of climate-smart agriculture, digital monitoring technologies, and adaptive resource management practices in enhancing productivity while reducing environmental impact. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of policy support, stakeholder collaboration, and localized interventions to foster resilience within farming communities. Originality/value By integrating sustainability analytics with sector-specific insights, this study contributes to the discourse on building adaptive agribusiness models that align economic viability with environmental stewardship and social well-being. The findings provide actionable implications for policymakers, agribusiness firms, and practitioners seeking to navigate climate risks while advancing the Sustainable Development Goals.