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July 15, 2026International Journal of Molecular SciencesOpen Access

Soluble Immune Checkpoints as Prognostic Biomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-L1

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Authors

AGAlbert Guinart-CuadraUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaAPA. PiedraUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaSMSergio Martínez-RecioUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona

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Overview

Randomized trial evaluates immune checkpoints for survival predictions in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients, suggesting potential for patient stratification.

Key Points

  • This research investigates the role of soluble immune checkpoints as biomarkers for prognosis in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.
  • Analyzed 14 circulating soluble immune checkpoints in 41 patients and 10 healthy donors.
  • Assessed associations with clinical and demographic factors and conducted survival analyses with Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests.
  • Utilized a multivariate model to evaluate the discriminative power of sIC levels.
  • Higher levels of sPD-L1, PD-L2, BTLA, HVEM, TIM-3, and CD27 were found in ES-SCLC patients compared to healthy donors (p < 0.05).
  • Increased concentrations of sTIM-3, sCD27, sHVEM, and sPD-L1 were significantly correlated with poor prognosis.
  • Distinct patterns of immune dysregulation and correlations between sICs and leukocyte–platelet complexes were identified.

Cite This Study

Guinart-Cuadra et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a57231a88b21df87547fef4https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27146225
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as a biomarker of durable response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)2025 · 4 citations
  2. 2Soluble Isoforms of PD-1 and PD-L1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Stage, Longitudinal Analysis and Prognostic Implications2026 · 2 citations
  3. 3A Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and PD-L1 (SP142) Expression as a Potential Combined Biomarker of the Clinical Benefit of Chemo-Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer2024 · 10 citations
  4. 4Soluble immune checkpoint proteins as predictive biomarkers for lymph node metastases in penile cancer2026
  5. 5Prognostic Role of Soluble and Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PD-L1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors2023 · 37 citations