Causal Analysis of Reverse Logistics Determinants for Sustainable E-Commerce Supply Chains

The continued growth of e-commerce has changed the role of reverse logistics, turning it from a supporting activity into an important element of sustainable and resilient supply chain management. Handling product returns efficiently requires a clear understanding of how different logistics factors influence one another within the broader system. This study examines and models the causal links among six major factors through the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Using evaluations provided by a panel of domain experts, the analysis measures the strength of interactions between the selected variables and identifies those that act as driving forces as well as those that mainly respond to influences from other factors. The resulting model offers a practical basis for decision-making by showing which factors generate the strongest effects across the reverse logistics network. This perspective helps managers direct available resources toward the elements capable of producing the greatest influence on overall system performance. As a result, organizations can improve the use of resources while supporting both operational efficiency and environmental objectives throughout the supply chain. By applying a causal analysis framework, this research delivers a useful instrument for understanding return management processes in e-commerce. The findings support more informed strategic decisions and provide guidance for companies seeking to improve sustainability performance within a market environment shaped by circular economy principles and frequent change.