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This study aims to identify causative pathogens and risk factors associated with early-onset and late-onset gram-negative neonatal sepsis.

July 15, 2026Discover MedicineOpen Access

Causative pathogens, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of early-onset versus late-onset gram-negative neonatal sepsis

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Retrospective study analyzes sepsis causes and outcomes in neonates, highlighting significant risk factors.

This study aims to identify causative pathogens and risk factors associated with early-onset and late-onset gram-negative neonatal sepsis.
Retrospective cross-sectional study from 2019 to 2023 at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Iran.
Included inborn neonates with blood culture-confirmed gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
Analyzed risk factors for late-onset sepsis and mortality using multivariable logistic regression.
Among 201 neonates, mortality was 45.8% with Acinetobacter spp. being the most common pathogen.
Cesarean delivery (OR 2.798) and very low birth weight (OR 2.099) were significantly associated with late-onset sepsis.
Multivariable analysis revealed mechanical ventilation > 3 days (AOR 6.60) and gestational age < 32 weeks (AOR 3.37) increased mortality risk.

Aletayeb et al. (2026) studied this question.

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