Remodeled Asymmetric Seamount Morphology: A Global Dataset Derived from SWOT Gravity and Multibeam Echo Sounder

Summary Seamount morphology provides key geophysical signatures of eruptive processes, lithospheric flexure and post-volcanic erosional evolution. The sparse coverage of multibeam echo sounder (MBES) and the simplified geometry used in global seamount models limit the representation of asymmetric elongation and incline variability. Therefore, this study proposes a collaborative inversion framework that integrates the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) anomalies from SWOT_03 with MBES data to accurately depict the seamount morphology. The proposed framework combines OpenCV image analysis with fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering to automatically extract the edge contours of seamounts. Furthermore, it introduces a radially asymmetric function to better represent geometric parameters and inclination features. We construct a multi-parameter morphology dataset of 3838 seamounts, including 1487 seamounts constrained by relatively complete MBES coverage and 2351 remodeled seamounts. The estimated incline factor ranges from -2.849 to 2.993, indicating significant morphology heterogeneity and the irregularity of seafloor topography. Seamount heights range from 121.8 to 4199.0 m, and base areas range from 1.1 to 3972.3 km2, revealing substantial variability in geometric scale. Notably, the standard deviation of the semi-major axis (5.6 km) is approximately 3.3 times that of the semi-minor axis (1.7 km), implying strongly non-axisymmetric development under tectonic forcing. These results also demonstrate the ability of SWOT gravity to resolve subtle geomorphic features that may be underestimated by conventional altimetry. By providing multidimensional parameters including height, major/minor axis, base depth and inclination factor, the resulting dataset improves the representation of seamount morphology and provides a useful basis for refining global seafloor topography, and studying crustal evolution, geodynamics and ocean circulation.