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To present a rare case of germinoma in the pineal region of a young immunocompromised patient and discuss diagnostic challenges.

July 15, 2026Open Access

Germinoma of the Pineal region in a Paediatric Immunocompromised Host: A Case Report

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To present a rare case of germinoma in the pineal region of a young immunocompromised patient and discuss diagnostic challenges.
Case report of a 9-year-old HIV-positive male on antiretroviral therapy with presenting symptoms of headache.
Neuroimaging via FDG-PET/CT and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were conducted to evaluate the mass and its characteristics.
Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed on biopsy tissue for definitive diagnosis.
Neuroimaging revealed a heterogenous 2.5 × 3.1 × 3.2 cm pineal region mass causing obstructive hydrocephalus.
CSF analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH: 77 IU/L).
Histopathology confirmed a germinoma diagnosis associated with positive immunohistochemistry for c-KIT (CD117) and podoplanin (D2-40).

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Case report demonstrates complex diagnosis of pineal germinoma in an immunocompromised child, suggesting the need for integrated assessments.

Warpe et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Case report demonstrates complex diagnosis of pineal germinoma in an immunocompromised child, suggesting the need for integrated assessments.