Key Factors Influencing the Operation of Logistics Companies in Self-Operation and Outsourcing Cooperation Mode: An LDA-TISM-SNA Approach

The self-operation and outsourcing cooperation mode has become an important approach for logistics companies to cope with demand fluctuations and resource constraints. However, the hierarchical mechanisms and network characteristics of the factors driving the development of logistics companies in this cooperative mode remain underexplored. A three-stage analytical framework integrating Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM), and Social Network Analysis (SNA) was developed in this study to systematically identify core influencing factors and reveal their interactive structural relationships. The results reveal seven key determinants of enterprise development: the resource management level, the logistics service level, market competition, the outsourcing service level, risk factors, operational costs, and sustainability benefits. The quantitative SNA results demonstrate that operational costs achieve the highest point centrality value of 83.333, acting as the most direct and core outcome factor in the influence network. By contrast, the resource management level, the logistics service level, market competition, and the outsourcing service level are the fundamental root factors of the entire influencing system and generate prominent spillover effects. Accordingly, logistics companies should prioritize refined cost control while enhancing resource integration, service capacity cultivation, and outsourcing management to improve operational resilience and sustainable competitive advantages. This study not only deepens theoretical understanding of the hybrid self-operation and outsourcing operation mode but also provides targeted practical guidance for the transformation, upgrading, and high-quality development of modern logistics companies.