Review evaluates emerging biomarkers for early detection of insulin resistance, suggesting improved diagnostic methods.
Background Prediabetes represents an intermediate metabolic state with high risk of progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Conventional diagnostic tools such as fasting glucose and HbA1c lack sensitivity for early insulin resistance detection. Objective This review aims to evaluate emerging biomarkers for early detection of insulin resistance and prediabetes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods A narrative review was conducted using published literature on metabolic, genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and microRNA biomarkers. Studies were identified through major scientific databases and evaluated for diagnostic performance and clinical relevance. Results Emerging biomarkers demonstrate improved sensitivity for early metabolic dysfunction compared to conventional markers. Metabolic indices (e.g., TyG, 1, 5-AG), proteomic markers (e.g., LAMA2), genetic and epigenetic signatures (TCF7L2, DNA methylation), and microRNAs (miR-126-3p) show promising diagnostic potential for early disease detection. Conclusion Integrating novel biomarkers with conventional diagnostic tools may improve early identification of prediabetes and insulin resistance, enabling timely intervention and personalized management strategies.
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Ahmed Abd-Elrasoul sayed (2026) studied this question.
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