Urban migration, eating behaviour and nutrition status: a study of young adults in paying guest facilities

Purpose This study aims to assess the nutritional status, dietary patterns, eating behaviours and food choice determinants of young adults residing in paying guest (PG) accommodations in an urban Indian setting, and to examine their associations with eating-out practices. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 young adults (50 men and 50 women) living in PG accommodations in Delhi. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Eating behaviours, eating-out patterns and food choice determinants were assessed using validated questionnaires. Independent and paired sample t-tests, Pearson correlation and chi-square analysis were applied, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Findings Among men, 30% were overweight and 22% were obese, while among women, 24% were underweight, 22% overweight and 18% obese. Elevated WC was observed in 18% of men and 26% of women, and high body fat in 28% of men and 34% of women. Dietary data revealed low intake of milk and milk products, fruits and green leafy vegetables, alongside excess sugar consumption in both genders. Frequent eating out – particularly post-dinner – was significantly associated with BMI in men (χ² = 11.6, p = 0.036) and body fat percentage in women (χ² = 13.42, p = 0.033). Gender differences were evident in food choice drivers, with men influenced predominantly by mood, accessibility and sensory appeal, while women were more influenced by health concerns and mood-related factors. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into the intersection of urban migration, independent living arrangements and nutritional health among young adults in India. By focusing on PG residents – a relatively under-researched population – the findings highlight critical dietary vulnerabilities and underscore the need for targeted, context-specific nutritional interventions for young urban migrants.