Expanding automated speed enforcement in British Columbia, Canada: opportunities and barriers, with cross-country comparisons to Victoria, Australia

OBJECTIVE: To examine opportunities and barriers to strengthening automated speed enforcement (ASE) in British Columbia, Canada, through a qualitative comparative analysis with Victoria, Australia - a socio-demographically similar jurisdiction with a scaled and stable ASE program, in contrast to British Columbia's limited and politically fragile one. METHODS: = 14), including representatives from government, insurers, public health, and police. Interview data were analyzed using abductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four interrelated themes were identified: (1) the legacy of British Columbia's mis-implemented 1990s Photo Radar program continues to drive political caution and a "light-touch" approach to ASE; (2) despite strong support among road safety partners, provincial legislation tightly constrains ASE expansion in British Columbia; (3) pluralistic ignorance and a vocal minority contribute to perceptions of ASE as politically "radioactive" in British Columbia, while Victoria's intentionally "bulletproof", highly transparent program is viewed as institutionally embedded; and (4) equity concerns emerged in both settings but differed in emphasis. CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening ASE in British Columbia requires more than evidence of effectiveness. The comparison with Victoria, where ASE is scaled, transparent and institutionally embedded, indicates that legislative reform, improved transparency, active communication of public opinion, and explicit attention to equity are needed to position ASE as a stable and legitimate intervention.