Boundary layer analysis of hybrid nanofluid slip flow over an exponentially stretching permeable sheet with heat generation and Cattaneo Christov heat flux

The primary aim is to analyse the effects of heat flux on slip flow over an exponentially stretched sheet using a hybrid nanofluid composed of Alumina (Al₂O₃) and Copper (Cu) nanoparticles dispersed in water as the base fluid. The novelty lies in exploring heat flux effects on a slippery stretchable sheet using this specific hybridised nanoparticle configuration. Boundary-constrained partial differential equations (PDEs) govern the control process, which are then simplified into ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations. The resulting system is solved numerically using the bvp4c technique in MATLAB a robust boundary value problem solver to determine slip conditions. The results are plotted and analysed to study the influence of critical parameters on heat and mass transfer fluid flow behaviour. The analysis confirms that heat flux effects on a slippery stretchable sheet produce unique and practically useful outcomes. These results are not only novel but are broadly applicable across multiple fields of technology, particularly in systems demanding superior thermal and fluid dynamic performance. Increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction ϕ enhances both the skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. As ϕ increases from 0 to 0.2, Skin-friction coefficient ( C f ) increases from 1.6872 to 2.8175 about 67% increase and Local Nusselt number ( Nu ) increases from 2.5066 to 3.4292 about 37% increase.