Carbon Emissions From Different Functional Zones of Construction Land in the Yellow River Basin Based on Nighttime Light Data and POI Data

The Yellow River Basin is a critical region for ecological conservation and sustainable development in China. It also serves as a core area for carbon emissions across various functional zones of construction land. Accurately understanding carbon emissions from various types of construction land in the Yellow River Basin is crucial for China to achieve its dual carbon goals. However, existing studies have primarily focused on carbon emissions accounting at the administrative district level, neglecting the functional differences within built‐up areas. Moreover, these studies lack detailed projections of future carbon emission trends across different functional zones, hindering efforts to address region‐specific emissions reduction and spatial governance effectively. This study focuses on the Yellow River Basin and combines nighttime light data, energy statistics, and POI data to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis and future projection of carbon emissions from land‐use functional zones. The results indicate: (1) Carbon emissions from construction land functional zones in the Yellow River Basin showed a continuous upward trend from 2012 to 2023, with industrial and commercial land contributing the largest shares of emissions. (2) The spatial distribution of carbon emissions evolved into a multi‐core pattern, with the middle reaches consistently serving as the dominant emission center. (3) Future carbon emission structures are expected to undergo significant changes, with commercial land becoming the primary emission source, while industrial and transportation land show declining contributions. These findings offer new insights into the dynamic evolution of carbon emissions across functional zones of construction land and provide scientific support for differentiated emission reduction policies and spatial planning in the Yellow River Basin.