Modeling Barriers to Lean Six Sigma Implementation in BIM-Based Construction Projects

Lean six sigma (LSS) has the potential to enhance efficiency, minimize waste, and improve quality in building information modeling (BIM)-based construction projects. Despite these benefits, its implementation is frequently challenged by different barriers. Therefore, organizations must develop strategies to overcome these barriers and support the effective implementation of LSS in BIM-based construction projects. This study aims to model the barriers influencing LSS implementation in BIM-based construction projects. The objectives of this study are to identify critical barriers to the implementation of LSS in BIM-based construction projects, develop constructs to categorize interrelated barriers, and assess the influence of the constructs on the implementation of LSS in BIM-based construction projects. To achieve that aim, a questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to BIM professionals. The collected data were analyzed using normalized mean analysis (NMA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The result revealed eight critical barriers to LSS implementation in BIM-based construction projects. The barriers can be grouped into two distinct constructs: organizational and operational inefficiency and leadership and cultural resistance. Both constructs were found to significantly affect the implementation of LSS in BIM-based construction projects. This study is among the first to empirically model LSS implementation barriers within BIM-based construction projects by grouping interrelated barriers into validated constructs and quantifying their effects on LSS implementation. Also, this study provides a model that advances theoretical understanding of LSS implementation in digital construction and offers practical guidance for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers seeking to promote continuous improvement in BIM-based construction projects.