Demonstrates the algebraic crystallization of inscribed squares in rough boundaries, suggesting new geometric approaches.
Toeplitz’s square peg problem conjectures that every continuous simple closed curve contains four points that form the vertices of a square. Classical geometric and topological approaches fundamentally break down when the curve becomes infinitely rough or fractal. In this paper, we bypass Euclidean geometry by redefining the arbitrary Jordan curve as a non-commutative rough lattice boundary ∂Ω_R within the Rough Operator Algebra (ROA) framework. By introducing the localized 4-orthogonal star-commutator P_4[Z,R_π/2]_∗RP_4, we prove that geometric asymmetries are strictly absorbed by the anti-symmetric Seonggil Torsion TensorT_ijk. Driven by the conservation of the non-commutative Chern-Simons invariant and the Z_4 symmetry naturally emerging from the 3 + 1 topological dimension, the cyclic trace mandates the algebraic crystallization of four perfectly symmetric orthogonal eigenstates, definitively proving the universal existence of inscribed squares.
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Lee Seonggil (2026) studied this question.
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