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This article examines wargames testing causal hypotheses in International Relations, suggesting their effectiveness with limitations.
This article examines wargames as an experimental method in International Relations. Under clear design and standardization conditions, wargames can test causal hypotheses, explore counterfactual scenarios, and generate data on decision-making processes. At the same time, the article highlights epistemological limits and argues for a transparent, bounded understanding of “experimental wargaming”.
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Schäfer et al. (2026) studied this question.
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