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The high-precision estimation of spatial parameters, such as transverse displacement, beam tilt and angular rotation, is of great importance in precision measurement, optical imaging and quantum sensing. Structured light, with controllable spatial modes and special momentum degrees of freedom, provides new opportunities to promote the encoding and readout of quantum metrology for spatial parameters. Here, we review recent progress in structured-light-enabled quantum metrology for spatial parameter estimation. The theoretical foundations of parameter estimation are introduced, based on which the modal-encoding mechanisms of higher-order structured light modes in spatial parameter measurements are summarized. Representative studies in which structured light is combined with nonclassical resources and the mode-matched readout strategies to achieve quantum enhancement are also demonstrated. In addition, current technical bottlenecks and future directions are discussed.
Yan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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