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Study customizes oxidation process to enhance SERS activity in MXenes, highlighting recycling potential.
Low SERS activity and poor environmental stability of MXenes limit their potential to become universal substrates comparable to noble metals. Herein, a crystal surface engineering technique that kills two birds with one stone is proposed. By customizing the exposed surface of TiO 2 during the oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 MXene, the hybrid Ti 3 C 2 –TiO 2 substrate with a narrower bandgap and higher density of state was optimized. The stable lattice and heterostructure addressed the material’s intrinsic susceptibility to oxidation (no signal drop over 180 days), while achieving a stronger charge transfer resonance effect (5.52 × 10 4 times higher than that of fresh Ti 3 C 2 ). In addition, the Schottky barrier formed between Ti 3 C 2 and TiO 2 promotes the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, enabling the substrate to be recycled (the degradation rate of MeB was 92.7% at 80 min). This work provides guidance for utilizing crystal facet engineering to regulate the SERS performance of substrates.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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