Mitigation of enteric methane production by ruminants: strategies relevant to New Zealand’s pasture-based agricultural systems

that is universally applicable to NZ's pastoral systems. Achieving NZ's sustainability targets while preserving production efficiency and export competitiveness will require an integrated portfolio of mitigation options. This stackable approach should combine dietary interventions, genetic selection, microbial management, and adaptive management practices to jointly reduce emissions without compromising productivity or market access.