What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop an adaptive control strategy for managing perimeter control and route guidance in urban traffic systems under disturbance effects.

July 17, 2026Scientific Reports0 citationsOpen Access

Constrained model-free adaptive perimeter control and route guidance for large-scale urban networks under aggregate unmeasured disturbance effects

TLTing LeiZhengzhou University of Light Industry SZShiyuan ZhuZhengzhou University of Light Industry PLPeng LiuZhengzhou University of Light Industry

Key Points

The aim is to develop an adaptive control strategy for managing perimeter control and route guidance in urban traffic systems under disturbance effects.
Developed a constrained model-free adaptive control (cMFAC) strategy based on online data.
Incorporated a pseudo-Jacobian term for compensating unmeasured disturbances.
Conducted numerical simulations on a six-region network to compare performance against benchmarks.
Demonstrated improved regulation of regional accumulations.
Achieved enhanced network-level efficiency despite stochastic measurement uncertainty and MFD scatter.
Outperformed conventional methods in terms of adaptability and robustness.

Abstract

Urban traffic networks are increasingly exposed to time-varying demand, measurement uncertainty, and macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) scatter, which complicate the design of perimeter control (PC) and route guidance (RG) strategies. Conventional model-dependent methods usually require calibrated MFDs, demand forecasts, and relatively stable operating conditions; their performance may therefore deteriorate when unmeasured demand variations, sensing errors, or MFD scatter affect regional traffic-state evolution. This study develops a constrained model-free adaptive control (cMFAC) strategy that coordinates PC and RG for large-scale multi-region urban traffic systems using online input-output data. A pseudo-Jacobian disturbance-effect term is incorporated into the compact-form dynamic linearization model to compensate for the aggregate effect of unmeasured disturbances on regional accumulations. This term provides online compensation for disturbance-induced increments in regional accumulations, without requiring identification of the physical sources of the disturbances. Feasible ranges of perimeter release ratios, route guidance proportions, and regional accumulations are enforced through a constrained quadratic programming formulation. Numerical simulations on a six-region network in Zhengzhou are used to compare the proposed method with representative benchmarks under stochastic measurement uncertainty and MFD-scatter uncertainty. The results show improved accumulation regulation and network-level efficiency in the simulated scenarios.

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