Review of Anti‐/De‐Icing Strategies Based on Ice Nucleation and Growth Mechanism and Their Applications

Icing threatens transportation, infrastructure, and energy systems, yet existing anti‐/de‐icing solutions remain hampered by inefficiency, inconsistent performance, and a lack of standardized evaluation. This review systematically categorizes anti‐/de‐icing strategies according to their physical origins: raising the ice nucleation barrier, depressing the freezing point, minimizing ice adhesion, inhibiting recrystallization, and utilizing energy conversion. Special attention is given to materials, mechanisms, and practical applicability. We highlight emerging multifunctional systems and introduce a synergy factor to quantify the “1+1>2” effect, backed by experimental data. Furthermore, we examine the largely overlooked role of artificial intelligence in accelerating materials discovery, image‐based ice detection, de‐icing parameter optimization, and adaptive control. A comprehensive comparative framework evaluating performance, durability, cost, and environmental impact is provided to guide rational design. Combining physics‐based classification, quantitative synergy indicators, artificial intelligence technologies and comprehensive evaluation frameworks, this review delivers a uniquely integrated blueprint for next‐generation anti‐/de‐icing technologies.