The role of physical activity in reducing social isolation in ageing: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to understand the role of physical activity in reducing social isolation and loneliness among older adults, while also analysing its effects on physical, psychological and social wellbeing during the ageing process. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, following the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework. Studies involving adults aged 60 years or over were considered, provided that they included interventions based on physical activity, exercise, walking, tele-exercise, yoga or multicomponent programmes. After an initial identification of 981 articles, 7 studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The findings suggest that regular physical activity may contribute to reducing loneliness and social isolation, particularly when performed in groups, in community settings, or when combined with socialisation, social support and regular supervision. In addition, the studies analysed reported benefits in quality of life, mood, functional autonomy, mobility and psychological wellbeing. Digital interventions and tele-exercise were also shown to be useful alternatives, especially for older adults with mobility limitations or those living in rural areas, although their impact on loneliness appears to depend on the presence of meaningful social interaction. It is concluded that physical activity represents an important strategy for promoting more active, healthy and socially integrated ageing.