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Derives gauge group characteristics and flavor structure in particle physics, indicating new theoretical insights.
The Standard-Model gauge group (SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1))/Z6 with forced hypercharge (unit 1/6), and the flavor structure -- exactly three generations from a topological winding, the Koide relation, and the neutrino mixing angles -- derived from the holonomy and index theory of the helicoidal defect of a critical elastic vacuum. Part of the Danieletto Program; builds on the foundations of Paper 0.
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G. A. Carballo (2026) studied this question.
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