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Examines phase transitions in quantized spacetime, suggesting new insights into cosmological origins.
The Crystal Bubble Model (KBM) describes the Big Bang not as a singular event out of nothing, but as a geometrically forced, critical phase transition of a quantized spacetime within collapsing systems. By synthesizing Smolin’s cosmological natural selection, Choptuik’s criticality, and the loop structures of quantum gravity, the KBM resolves fundamental problems of the classical singularity. In this extended Version 2.0, the theoretical framework is supplemented by an evolutionary inheritance process operating via the quantum mechanical fine structure of spacetime. Furthermore, we show how the eleven dimensions of M-theory and string theory are completely removed as dynamic physical entities. Instead, they emerge merely as statically imprinted geometric degrees of freedom within the rigid Planck crystal (Phase I) and unfold dynamically only upon transition into the expanding bubble phase (Phase II).
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Steffen Thoß (2026) studied this question.
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