Impact of Poverty on Health in Developing Countries

This study examines the relationship between poverty and health outcomes in 63 developing countries using four available observation years within the 2013–2022 period. Using a dynamic panel framework with difference and system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations, the analysis accounts for economic, environmental, and policy factors, while addressing persistence and endogeneity. The results indicate a generally negative association between poverty and population health, particularly in the difference GMM estimations. The effects are more pronounced in basic dimensions such as nutrition, whereas outcomes linked to institutional access, such as medical services, appear less responsive. A threshold pattern is also observed, with stronger impacts at lower and moderate poverty levels. These findings suggest that economic growth alone does not necessarily translate into health improvements, pointing to the importance of direct poverty reduction and investments in basic living conditions.