Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors Among Primary Health Care Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Guided by Pender's Health Promotion Model

Purpose Nurses are expected to model health-promoting behaviors, yet maintaining healthy lifestyles remains challenging. This study examined health-promoting lifestyle behaviors among primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia and explored demographic influences across six lifestyle domains using Pender's Health Promotion Model. Methods A cross-sectional design was used among 184 primary health care nurses in the Qassim Region. Data were collected using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results The overall health-promoting lifestyle mean score was moderate ( M = 2.30, SD = 0.58). Spiritual growth ( M = 2.76, SD = 0.79) and interpersonal relations ( M = 2.64, SD = 0.70) were the highest-rated domains, while physical activity was the lowest ( M = 1.77, SD = 0.74). No significant differences in overall health-promoting lifestyle were observed across demographic variables. Regression analysis showed that demographic factors did not significantly predict health-promoting lifestyle behaviors ( R 2 = .034). Conclusion Primary health care nurses showed strengths in relational and meaning-oriented well-being but limited engagement in physical self-care. The weak influence of demographic factors suggests that contextual and environmental conditions play a larger role in shaping lifestyle behaviors, highlighting the need for strategies that support nurses’ well-being and strengthen holistic nursing practice.