The Neuro-Immune Axis in Ayurveda: An Integrative Analysis of the Vata–Manas–Ojas Triad and Modern Psychoneuroimmunology

Background: Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has established that psychological stress influences immune function by activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Interestingly, classical Ayurveda appears to describe a functionally similar framework for mind–body–immune interaction through the interconnected concepts of Vata, Manas, and Ojas. Exploring these conceptual parallels may yield valuable insights into integrative models of health and disease. Objective: To examine the convergence between Ayurvedic concepts of neuroimmune regulation and contemporary psychoneuroimmunology, and to develop an integrative framework that links traditional Ayurvedic principles with modern biomedical mechanisms. Methods: A conceptual and comparative analysis was conducted using classical Ayurvedic literature, particularly the Charaka Samhita, alongside seminal theories of stress proposed by Hans Selye and contemporary research in psychoneuroimmunology. Key Ayurvedic constructs were systematically mapped onto recognized neuroendocrine and immunological pathways. Results: The analysis revealed significant functional parallels between Ayurvedic and modern neuroimmunological models. Vata was found to correspond closely with neural regulatory processes, Manas with psychological and cognitive functions, and Ojas with immune competence and systemic resilience. The Ayurvedic concept of Chittodvega (mental agitation) demonstrated notable similarities to chronic psychological stress, including dysregulation of the HPA axis and subsequent alterations in immune function. These interactions provide a coherent framework for understanding the development of stress-related inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and age-associated neuroimmune decline. Conclusion: Classical Ayurvedic literature presents a sophisticated conceptual model of mind–body–immune interactions that parallels key principles of modern psychoneuroimmunology. The Vata–Manas–Ojas triad offers a potentially valuable framework for understanding the neuroendocrine and immunological consequences of psychological stress. Future translational research integrating Ayurvedic theory with contemporary biomedical methodologies may enhance understanding of stress-related disorders and support the development of holistic therapeutic strategies.