Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Mortality in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PH‐COPD)

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  Figure 1. Survival and hazard ratios by ACEi and PVR. (A) Kaplan–Meier survival curves. (B) Hazard ratios comparing patients treated with ACEi versus those not treated with ACEi, for the interaction analysis between PVR (≤ 5 vs. > 5 WU) and ACEi. The Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for BMI, FEV1%predicted, FVC%predicted, PVR, PAWP, PH‐targeting therapy (none, mono, dual, and triple or more), as well as strata for center, diagnosis decade, and sex. Center was additionally included as a clustering variable. Additionally, in a second analysis, the Cox proportional hazards models were further adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors/diseases (cardiac diseases, arterial hypertension, diabetes, and obesity). BMI = body mass index, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC = forced vital capacity, HR = hazard ratio, lower/upper = lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval of the HR, PAWP = pulmonary artery wedge pressure, PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance, WU = wood units.