Biological sex did not significantly affect total just-noticeable difference magnitude in perceptual acuity among recreational runners (Females: 6.83% vs Males: 6.23% VO2max; d = 0.182).
Cross-Sectional (n=64)
Does biological sex affect perceptual acuity ability and interoceptive awareness in recreational endurance runners?
Biological sex does not significantly affect perceptual acuity ability or time perception during endurance running, suggesting that interoceptive awareness is independent of sex.
Standardized Mean Difference: 0.182
Absolute Event Rate: 6.83% vs 6.23%
This study examined sex differences in perceptual acuity ability, quantified via the just-noticeable difference approach (JND), through V ˙ O 2 kinetics expressed relative to individual V ˙ O 2max , their relationship to time perception, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), speed, and heart rate (HR) in recreational runners. Sixty-four runners (Females: n = 30, V ˙ O 2max = 48.0 ± 5.2 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ; Males: n = 34, V ˙ O 2max = 57.0 ± 5.6 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) completed a maximal estimation trial and four 5-min JND bouts at 70% V ˙ O 2max , designed to quantify the V ˙ O 2 difference during the final 30 s between each JND bout and the preceding standard stimulus at intensities perceived as just above (JND-A) and just below (JND-B) the reference exertion. V ˙ O 2 -time trajectories were modeled with generalized additive models; secondary outcomes were assessed via repeated-measures ANOVA. No sex differences emerged in total JND magnitude (Females: 6.83 ± 3.69% V ˙ O 2max ; Males: 6.23 ± 2.82% V ˙ O 2max ; d = 0.182) or time perception (η 2 p = 0.009). Females exhibited higher V ˙ O 2 (+3.54% V ˙ O 2max ) and distinct V ˙ O 2 -time trajectories. Independent of sex, JND-A elicited a greater magnitude of change than JND-B: higher relative <mml:math xml
Antonio et al. (Fri,) conducted a cross-sectional in Recreational runners (n=64). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Total just-noticeable difference (JND) magnitude (% VO2max) (d = 0.182). Biological sex did not significantly affect total just-noticeable difference magnitude in perceptual acuity among recreational runners (Females: 6.83% vs Males: 6.23% VO2max; d = 0.182).