Key result
Endemic African swine fever in Vietnam prompts national control measures and shifts toward large-scale farming.
Why the study?
African swine fever has had a devastating impact on Vietnam's swine industry since 2019, prompting a review of its epidemiological dynamics and applied control measures.
A scoping review of the African swine fever epidemic in Vietnam highlights the transition to an endemic phase and the need for sustainable control strategies.
African swine fever (ASF) has had a devastating impact on Vietnam’s swine industry since its emergence in 2019, leading to the culling of six million pigs. This paper aimed to review the epidemiological dynamics of ASF in Vietnam and measures applied to control the disease. ASF progressed through an initial epidemic phase (2019-2020) and has transitioned into a more endemic phase (2021-2024). The disease spread rapidly during the epidemic phase, driven by human-mediated transmission routes and inadequate biosecurity practices, particularly on smallholder farms. To control ASF, the Vietnamese government endorsed a national control plan including biosecurity enhancements, disease surveillance, establishing ASF-free compartments, developing ASF vaccines, and strengthening the capacity of veterinary services. While these measures have helped reduce the number of outbreaks, challenges persist, including the emergence of recombinant ASF strains, limited vaccine adoption, and gaps in veterinary infrastructure. ASF has substantially changed Vietnam’s swine industry, shifting toward reducing small-scale household farming and increasing professional households and large-scale farms. As ASF has transitioned into an endemic phase, sustainable strategies focusing on continuous monitoring, improved vaccination coverage, and education programs are essential to mitigate its impacts and ensure the resilience of Vietnam’s swine industry.
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Chuong et al. (2025) conducted a review in African swine fever. African swine fever epidemic and control measures was evaluated. African swine fever has transitioned to an endemic phase in Vietnam, prompting national control measures and a shift from small-scale to large-scale professional swine farming.
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