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The 2024 Hajj witnessed alarmingly high mortality rates, with over 1300 deaths primarily due to extreme heat and overcrowding. The tragedy highlighted critical issues such as overcrowding, transportation challenges, and the vulnerability of undocumented and elderly pilgrims. Urgent improvements in regulation, and climate mitigation are needed to ensure future pilgrimages are safe and spiritually fulfilling.
Baklola et al. (Tue,) studied this question.