Key result
Obesity significantly decreased the odds of controlled hypertension after 9 years compared to normal body weight (OR 0.54), while higher education and female sex increased the odds of control.
Why the study?
Despite improvements in awareness and treatment, blood pressure control remains below expectations in Poland.
Cohort (n=1,598)
In a Polish cohort, hypertension prevalence increased significantly over 9 years, with poor control strongly associated with male sex, lower education, and obesity.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Rising HT prevalence over 9 years in Poland warrants vigilance; extends observational data on education, sex, and weight as control correlates.
Introduction: Despite some improvement in awareness and treatment of hypertension, blood pressure control is still below expectations in Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze the secular trend of hypertension prevalence in the PURE Poland cohort study over 9 years of observation and to analyze factors associated with controlled HT. Methods: The study group consisted of 1,598 participants enrolled in a Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study (PURE), who participated both in baseline (2007-2010) and 9-year follow-up (2016-2019). Hypertension was ascertained on the basis of (1) self-reported hypertension previously diagnosed by the physician, (2) self-reported anti-hypertensive medication, and/or (3) an average of two blood pressure measurements ≥140 mmHg systolic BP and/or ≥90 mmHg diastolic BP. Results: The prevalence of hypertension increased from 69.4% at baseline to 85.9% at 9-year follow-up. The chance of HT was 8.6-fold higher in the oldest vs. the youngest age group [OR 8.55; CI 4.47-16.1]. Male sex increased the chance for hypertension over 3-fold [OR 3.23; CI 2.26-4.73]. Obesity, according to BMI, increased the chance of HT 8-fold [OR 8.01; CI 5.20-12.8] in comparison with normal body weight. Male sex decreased the chance of controlled HT after 9 years [OR 0.68; CI 0.50-0.92]. There was no statistically significant association between controlled HT and age or place of residence. Higher and secondary education increased the chance of controlled HT over 2-fold in comparison with primary education [OR 2.35; CI 1.27-4.34, OR 2.34; CI 1.33-4.11]. Obesity significantly decreased the chance of controlled HT after 9 years in comparison with normal body weight [OR 0.54; CI 0.35-0.83]. Conclusion: Factors significantly increasing the chance for controlled hypertension after 9 years were female sex, secondary and tertiary education, normal body weight, and avoiding alcohol drinking. Changes in lifestyle, with special emphasis on maintaining normal body weight, should be the basis of prevention and control of HT.
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Zatońska et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Hypertension (n=1,598). Obesity vs. Normal body weight was evaluated on Controlled hypertension (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.83, p=0.005). Obesity significantly decreased the odds of controlled hypertension after 9 years compared to normal body weight (OR 0.54), while higher education and female sex increased the odds of control.
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