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Abstract Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been exploited in various systems and found numerous applications. Here, we investigate high-order BICs and apply BICs on an integrated photonic platform to high-dimensional optical communication. A four-channel TM mode (de)multiplexer using different orders of BICs on an etchless lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) platform where waveguides are constructed by a low-refractive-index material on a high-refractive-index substrate is demonstrated. Low propagation loss of the TM modes in different orders and phase-matching conditions for efficient excitation of the high-order TM modes are simultaneously achieved. A chip consisting of four-channel mode (de)multiplexers was fabricated and measured with data transmission at 40 Gbps/channel. All the channels have insertion loss <4.0 dB and crosstalk <−9.5 dB in a 70-nm wavelength band. Therefore, the demonstrated mode (de)multiplexing and high-dimensional communication on LiNbO 3 platform can meet the increasing demand for high capacity in on-chip optical communication.
Yu et al. (Mon,) studied this question.