1000 meters at the time: self-determined motivation in extreme altitude climbing

Few things are more dangerous than extreme altitude climbing (EAC). While the objective risks are well known, less is known about climbers’ motivation to pursue EAC. This study explores the motivations of mountaineers who climb 7,000- and 8,000-metre peaks in the Himalayas. Through the theoretical lens of Self-Determination Theory, we examine how the climbers´ basic psychological needs are met under extreme conditions and connected to their self-determined motivation. Using a deductive approach, interviews were coded and sorted into themes of autonomy, relatedness, competence and autonomous motivation. Findings show that the climbers generally have their psychological needs met and that needs are connected to issues of risk and safety. Competence is developed through mastery of increasingly more difficult and risky climbs. Relatedness is dependent upon friendship and building trust in each other’s competence. Autonomy is about finding the right balance between being involved in decision-making processes in the climbing team and making safe overall decisions. The satisfaction of basic needs fosters intrinsic- and autonomous motivation, with less emphasis on controlled motivation. However, there are examples of amotivation when basic needs are frustrated. Overall, the research highlights the complex interplay of psychological needs and quality of motivation in EAC.