Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia

Figure 1. Deaths by cause, South-East Asia region (WHO), 1990–2019, showing a shift in mortality from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional disease to non-communicable diseases in South-East Asia.4) NCD = non-communicable disease; WHO = World Health Organization.

Figure 2. Burden of disease by cause, world, 2019. Total disease burden, measured in DALYs by sub-category of disease or injury. DALYs measure the total burden of disease—both from years of life lost due to premature death and years lived with a disability. One DALY equals one lost year of healthy life.4) DALY = disability-adjusted life year; HIV/AIDS = human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; NCD = non-communicable disease; STI = sexually transmitted infection; TB = tuberculosis.

Figure 3. Top cancer per country, estimated age-standardized incidence rates in 2020, both sexes, all ages, excluding NMSC.19) NMSC = non-melanoma skin cancer. Data source: GLOBOCAN 2020; Map production: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization.

Figure 4. Survival outcomes from time of cancer diagnosis stratified by pre-existing and/or newly-diagnosed cardiovascular disease in South Korea.24)

Figure 5. (A) Data on from 2015 ESMO International Consortium Study on the availability, out-of-pocket costs and accessibility of antineoplastic medicines in countries outside of Europe: Asian data for medications on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: formulary availability and out-of-pocket costs. (B) Data from the 2015 ESMO International Consortium Study on the availability, out-of-pocket costs and accessibility of antineoplastic medicines in countries outside of Europe: Asian data of recently approved medications not on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, with an ESMO-MCBS score greater than 2: formulary availability and out-of-pocket costs.33) Abirat = abiraterone; Aftatin = atafinib; Anast = anastrozole; Axitin = axitinib; Bleo = bleomycin; Capecit = capecitabine; CarboP = carboplatin; Cetux = cetuximab; CisP = cisplatin; Crizot = crizotinib; CRC = colorectal cancer; Cyclo = cyclophosphamide; DTIC = dacarbazine; Docet = docetaxel; Enzalut = enzalutamide; Epir = eprirubicin; Erlot = erlotinib; ESMO = European Society for Medical Oncology; Etop = etoposide; Everol = everolimus; Gefit = gefitinib; Ifos = ifosfamide; Ipilim = ipilimumab; Irino = irinotecan; Lapat =…

Figure 6. Outcomes of a cardio-oncology in Taiwan.49) HF = heart failure; HTN = hypertension; MI = myocardial infarction.

Figure 7. Worldwide distribution of International Cardio-Oncology Society Centers of cardio-oncology excellence.51) ICOS = International Cardio-Oncology Society.

Figure 8. Central elements of cardio-oncology training.2)

Figure 9. Intradisciplinary and cross-specialty collaboration among cardiologists, hematologist and oncologists in cardio-oncology.2)

Figure 10. Key components of a cardio-oncology program.65) ACC = American College of Cardiology; ASCO = American Society of Clinical Oncology; CV = cardiovascular.